Gadolinium
Petra Nordinghaus-Martin
Chemie, Physikalische Chemie, Gd, Element der Gruppe der Lanthanoide des Periodensystems mit der Ordnungszahl 64. Gadolinium besitzt die Elektronenkonfiguration [Xe]4f145d106s1 und kommt in der Natur in sieben Isotopen vor (Tab. 1).
Gadolinium 1: Wichtige Isotope.
| bottom:solid black 1.1pt;border-right:
none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black 1.1pt;padding:0cm 3.55pt 0cm 3.55pt\'>
Isotop |
bottom:solid black 1.1pt;border-right:none;
mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black 1.1pt;
padding:0cm 3.55pt 0cm 3.55pt\'>
Natürliche |
bottom:solid black 1.1pt;border-right:none;
mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black 1.1pt;
padding:0cm 3.55pt 0cm 3.55pt\'>
Atommasse |
bottom:solid black 1.1pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black 1.1pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0cm 3.55pt 0cm 3.55pt\'>
Halbwerts- |
|
152Gd |
0,20 |
151,919 786 |
1,1 × 1014 a |
|
153Gd |
0 |
152,921 745 |
241,6 d |
|
154Gd |
2,18 |
153,920 861 |
stabil |
|
155Gd |
14,80 |
154,922 618 |
stabil |
|
156Gd |
20,47 |
155,922 118 |
stabil |
|
157Gd |
15,65 |
156,923 956 |
stabil |
|
158Gd |
24,84 |
157,924 049 |
stabil |
| bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:none;
mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0cm 3.55pt 0cm 3.55pt\'>
160Gd |
bottom:solid black 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0cm 3.55pt 0cm 3.55pt\'>
21,86 |
bottom:solid black 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0cm 3.55pt 0cm 3.55pt\'>
159,927 049 |
bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0cm 3.55pt 0cm 3.55pt\'>
stabil |
Gadolinium 2: Allgemeine, chemische und festkörperphysikalische Eigenschaften.
| bottom:none;border-right:none;
mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .6pt;
padding:0cm 3.55pt 0cm 3.55pt\'>
relative Atommasse (12C = 12,000 0) |
bottom:none;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid black .6pt;
padding:0cm 3.55pt 0cm 3.55pt\'>
157,25 |
|
Dichte (298 K) [g cm-3] |
7,898 |
|
Molvolumen [cm3] |
19,90 |
|
Oxidationszahlen |
II, III |
| bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:none;
mso-border-left-alt:solid black .6pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0cm 3.55pt 0cm 3.55pt\'>
photoelektrische Arbeit [eV] |
bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid black .6pt;padding:0cm 3.55pt 0cm 3.55pt\'>
3,1 |
Gadolinium 3: Thermische und elektromagnetische Eigenschaften.
| bottom:none;border-right:none;
mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .6pt;
padding:0cm 3.55pt 0cm 3.55pt\'>
Siedetemperatur [K] |
bottom:none;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid black .6pt;
padding:0cm 3.55pt 0cm 3.55pt\'>
3506 |
|
Schmelztemperatur [K] |
1585 |
|
Siedeenthalpie [kJ mol-1] |
301,9 |
|
Schmelzenthalpie [kJ mol-1] |
15,5 |
|
Wärmeleitfähigkeit (300 K) [W m-1K-1] |
10,6 |
|
spezifische Wärme [kJ kg-1K-1] |
0,23 |
|
thermischer Längenaus |
8,6 |
|
spezifischer Widerstand [10-8 Wm] |
134 |
|
Curie-Temperatur [K] |
289 |
| bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:none;
mso-border-left-alt:solid black .6pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0cm 3.55pt 0cm 3.55pt\'>
spezifische magnetische Suszeptibilität [10-5 kg-1m3] |
bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid black .6pt;padding:0cm 3.55pt 0cm 3.55pt\'>
6,030 |
Gadolinium 4: Atom- und kernphysikalische Eigenschaften.
| bottom:solid black 1.1pt;border-right:
none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black 1.1pt;padding:0cm 3.55pt 0cm 3.55pt\'>
Termsymbol |
bottom:solid black 1.1pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black 1.1pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0cm 3.55pt 0cm 3.55pt\'>
9D2 |
|
1. Ionisierungsenergie [eV] |
6,15 |
|
2. Ionisierungsenergie [eV] |
12,09 |
|
Elektronenaffinität [eV] |
< 0,5 |
|
Elektronegativität (Pauling) |
1,20 |
|
effektive Kernladung (Slater) |
2,85 |
|
Magnetisches Moment [mB] |
6,532 |
|
Ionenradius (Gd3+) [nm] |
0,094 |
|
Kovalenzradius [nm] |
0,161 |
|
Atomradius [nm] |
0,1802 |
|
Kernspin |
|
|
kernmagnetisches Moment [mK] |
|
| bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:none;
mso-border-left-alt:solid black .75pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid black .75pt;
padding:0cm 3.55pt 0cm 3.55pt\'>
Einfangquerschnitt für thermische Neutronen [barn] |
bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
solid black .75pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0cm 3.55pt 0cm 3.55pt\'>
49 000 |
Techniklexikon.net
Das freie Technik-Lexikon. Fundierte Informationen zu allen Fachgebieten der Ingenieurwissenschaften, für Wissenschaftler, Studenten, Praktiker & alle Interessierten. Professionell dargeboten und kostenlos zugängig.
Techniklexikon
Modernes Studium der Physik sollte allen zugängig gemacht werden.